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Clade
Subclade Archosauria: Avemetatarsalia to Neornithes 
Taxon Feedback
Taxon Ankylosaurinae 
Nominal Author Brown 1908 
2° Nominal Author Nopcsa 1918 
Taxon Status active
inactive
Comments Ankylosaurinae was initially defined by Sereno (1998) using Ankylosaurus as an internal specifier and the basal ankylosaurids Minmi and Shamosaurus as external specifiers. Recently, Vickaryous et al. (2004) adopted this definition but dropped Minmi as one of the external specifiers. Their phylogenetic work suggested that Shamosaurus was the more derived of the two, although the characters supporting this arrangement are not extensive. An even more basal ankylosaurid from the Upper Jurassic was described recently, Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum (Carpenter et al. 1998), and there seems little reason not to include all three as external specifiers in the interest of long-term stability of the taxonomic content of Ankylosaurinae. This parallels the definition of Nodosaurinae with respect to Nodosauridae. The active definition for Ankylosaurinae thus is a first-order revision of previous definitions that includes three basal taxa as external specifiers. 
Potential Synonomy  
Active Phylogenetic Definition Feedback
Active Definition The most inclusive clade containing Ankylosaurus magniventris Brown 1908 but not Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum Carpenter et al. 1998, Minmi paravertebra Molnar 1980, Shamosaurus scutatus Tumanova 1983. 
Shorthand > Ankylosaurus magniventris but not Gargoyleosaurus parkpinorum, Minmi paravertebra, Shamosaurus scutatus. 
Definitional Author Sereno 2005 
Definition Status original
textual substitution
first-order revision
second-order revision
Definition Type node
stem
Node-Stem Triplet yes
no
Other Triplet Taxa  
Specifiers
Specifier A Ankylosaurus magniventris 
Specifier(s) B  
Specifier(s) C Shamosaurus scutatus, Minmi paravertebra 
Qualifiers
+Taxon  
-Taxon  
Datum  
Taxonomic Content stem (entirely extinct)
crown (extant-bounded)
mixed (extant/extinct-bounded)
Publication Year 1998 
Inactive Taxon Status Feedback
Rejection Criteria junior synonym
historically polyphyletic
incomplete definition
no definition
apomorphy-based
redundant
other 
Critique  
 
Current Age Range Feedback
Earliest Record Cenomanian (100 Ma) 
Latest Record Maastrichtian (66 Ma) 
Range (My) 34 
Basis for Range Talarurus plicatospineus and Tsagantegia longicranialis, from the Cenomanian of central Asia, are the oldest; Ankylosaurus magniventris, from the Maastrichtian, is the youngest (Vickaryous et al. 2004). Dates are rounded to the nearest million, the earliest from the beginning of the stage and the latest from the end of the stage (Gradstein et al. 2004). 
Definitional History #1
Definition 1 All ankylosaurids closer to Ankylosaurus than to either Shamosaurus or Minmi. 
Author Sereno 1998:61 
Type node  stem 
Specifiers Ankylosaurus, Shamosaurus, Minmi 
Qualifiers  
Definitional History #2
Definition 2 All ankylosaurs closer to Ankylosaurus than to Shamosaurus. 
Author Vickaryous et al. 2004:389 
Type node  stem 
Specifiers Ankylosaurus, Shamosaurus 
Qualifiers